Glossary of Terms, Q - S
NS = Refer relevant National
Standard.
LM = Refer Labelstock Manufacturers specification
sheets.
IM = Refer Ink Manufacturers specification
sheets.
O = Other manufacturers specification sheets - Die
or cutter, plates, etc.
Q
QUALITY
Those characteristics of a product
that allow the following criteria under controlled repeatable
conditions:
- Manufacture at a given
cost-value relationship.
- Uniformity to meet parameters
of customer specifications.
- Calibre of competitive
performance.
QUALITY CONTROL - TOTAL QUALITY
MANAGEMENT - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
A system of inspections and/or
tests instituted at various stages of production in
manufacturing or printing to ensure that the end product will
meet pre-determined standards of quality
Refer NS, LM, IM & O. All
Standards of any kind affect quality.
QUICK STICK
That property of a pressure
sensitive adhesive which allows it to adhere to a surface
under light pressure. Also a measure of the bond strength
right after application; quick tack, quick adhesion
Refer NS & LM.
QUIET AREA - See CLEAR AREA
R
RATE OF SET
The time required for an adhesive,
under a specific set of conditions, to arrive at a fibre
tearing bond
Refer NS & LM.
REACTIVE DILUENT
A liquid used to reduce the
viscosity or tack of an ink. The diluent becomes an integral
part of the polymer which forms when the ink is cured.
READ AREA
A term used to refer to the scan
path or scan area of a bar code.
REAM
Five hundred sheets of paper.
REAM WEIGHT
The amount which one ream of paper
weighs. eg. 80gsm = 80 grams per square meter x 4 (number of
sheets per square) = 125 square meters x 80 grams = 10,000
grams = 10 kilos for that ream
Refer LM.
RECYCLE
Process that describes reuse of a
product.
REDUCERS
In printing inks, varnishes,
solvents, oily or greasy compounds used to reduce the body
and/or viscosity for printing.
RE/EPS - See POLYSTYRENE
REEL
A finished roll of Labelstock.
REFLECTANCE
The amount of light returned from
an illuminated surface.
REFLECTIVE ART
Art which must be photographed by
the light reflected from its surface. As apposed to
non-reflective art.
REGISTER
The corresponding placement of one
colour to the next, etc., as well as the printing placement as
it relates to die cutting, scoring, perforating, etc.
REGISTER MARKS
Symbols attached to the original
copy prior to photography, used for positioning films in
register, or registering two or more colours when printing. In
some cases, the register marks are produced on the cutting die
as well as the plates.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
The amount of water vapour present
in the atmosphere, expressed as a percentage of maximum that
could be present at the same room temperature. Relative
humidity affects sheeted labels converted off the press from
rolls of Labelstock for use in Laser and Ink-Jet printers
Refer NS & LM.
RELEASE
The force required to free or
separate a pressure sensitive label from its release liner,
using a specific measuring device
Refer NS & LM.
RELEASE AGENT
Materials used to facilitate the
removal of moulded items from their moulds. These agents can
cause serious problems in adhesion when applying labels to the
moulded products.
RELEASE COAT
The release liner treatment
material that allows pressure sensitive labels to release from
the release liner. Usually made from silicone sprayed onto the
release liner at about 2 grams per square meter
Refer NS & LM.
RELEASE COAT TRANSFER
The transfer of release coat from
the release liner to the pressure sensitive adhesive during
release.
RELEASE LINER
The component of the pressure
sensitive labelstock which functions as a carrier for the
pressure sensitive label. Prior to application, it protects
the adhesive, and readily separates from the label immediately
before the label is applied to product
Refer NS & LM.
RELIEF ANGLE
The angle of the raised portion of
a printing plate.
REMOVABILITY
A relative term applied to
pressure sensitive labels to describe the force or condition
under which they can be removed from a substrate. A removable
label would be one in which no damage or staining occurs to
the substrate or the face material on removal
Refer AS & LM.
REMOVABLE ADHESIVE
A pressure sensitive adhesive
characterised by low ultimate adhesion and clean removability
from a wide variety of surfaces
Refer AS & LM.
RENDERING
The finished production of a
design, drawing, painting, etc., by hand using any of various
artists tools, ie. pencils, pens, knives, brushes or air
brushes.
REPEAT
The printing length of a plate
cylinder, determined by one revolution of the plate-cylinder
gear.
REPOSITIONAL
The ability of a pressure
sensitive label to be bonded to a surface, removed and
repositioned. This can only be done for a limited period of
time (20 minutes). Beyond that time, the bond may begin to
become permanent, expect in cases where a removable adhesive
is used.
REPOSITIONAL ADHESIVE
A permanent adhesive that can be
removed and repositioned for a short, finite, time after
application.
REPOSITIONING
The relamination of labels to a
different location on the backing sheet following
diecutting.
RESIDUE
Something that remains after a
part is removed, such as removing a label and leaving adhesive
on the surface.
RESISTIVITY
The ability of a material to
resist passage of electrical current either through its bulk
or on a surface. The resistivity unit of volume is the
ohm-cm.
RETARDERS
Combination of liquids, solvents
and extenders that are added to an adhesive, coating or ink to
slow down the drying rate of the material
Refer IM.
REVERSE ANGLE DOCTOR BLADE - See DOCTOR
BLADE
REVERSE PRINTING
Printing on the underside of a
transparent film. Also a design in which the copy is
‘dropped-out’ and the background is printed making the copy
appear in the colour of the background.
REVERSE ROLLER COATING
The coating is pre-metered between
two rollers, then wiped off onto the web, which is driven by a
third back-up roller. The amount of coating is controlled by
the gap between the metering and applicator rollers and also
by relative speed or rotation between the same two
rollers.
REWIND (SHAFT) - or TO REWIND
The take-up spindle or mandrel on
a press. Also the act of winding a roll of material through a
machine to effect the opposite unwind.
REWINDING AND INSPECTION
The operation of winding the
material from a press roll onto a core (or coreless) to
produce rolls of the desired width, diameter and tension.
Out-of-specification or damaged labels can be removed and
replaced during this operation. Slices and/or joins are also
made during this operation.
RIGHT READING
An image whose parts are spatially
oriented to each other as they are on the original or as they
are to be printed, in contrast to the way they would appear
reflected in a mirror.
ROCKWELL HARDNESS
A method of determining the
surface hardness of a substance. Degree of hardness. Also
called ‘Shore’.
ROLLER COATER
A machine utilising rollers to
mechanically apply an adhesive or coating to flexible
substrates.
ROLL LABEL
Pressure sensitive labels that are
produced in a continuous roll form.
ROLL-TO-ROLL or REEL-TO-REEL
A method of running material
through a printing machine. A roll of material is fed into a
printing unit, is printed, die cut etc., then is rewound into
a roll as it exits the machine.
ROLL-TO-SHEET
A method of running material
through a printing machine. A roll of material is fed into a
printing unit, is printed, die cut etc., then is sheeted as it
exits the printing machine.
ROTARY PRESS
A press that in normal use
features a roll-to-roll (reel-to-reel) operation.
ROTARY PRINTING
Accomplished by means of a
cylindrical impression cylinder and a cylindrical printing
plate.
ROTOGRAVURE PRINTING - GRAVURE
Printing process that utilises
cylinders that have the design etched into the metal surface.
The material to be printed comes in contact with the etched
cylinder (which is carrying the ink) and the ink is
transferred. A rubber pressure roller facilitates this
transfer. Also known as Gravure printing.
ROUGH SKETCH - Also called THUMB NAIL
SKETCH
An impromptu drawing of a picture
or design to present a concept, often in colour. Often
developed into comprehensive artwork for reproduction. Note
that copyright is automatic for sketches and artwork.
RUB TEST
Test performed to determine the
durability and abrasion resistance of the printed surface of a
label
Refer NS, LM & IM. Also refer
to PAGE>>> for the Sutherland Rub Tester and a
description of the equipment as recommended by the Winemakers’
Federation of Australia, and contained in the Australian
Standard.
RUBBER BASE ADHESIVE
Pressure sensitive adhesive based
on natural or synthetic rubber. Can be coated as a solvent,
hot melt or emulsion system
Refer LM.
RUNNING REGISTER
That control on a flexographic
press which accurately positions, while in the run mode, the
printing of each colour station in the direction of the web
travel. Also called circumferential register or longitudinal
register.
RUPTURE
A cleavage or break in the
adhesive film, resulting from physical stress.
S
SANDWICH CONSTRUCTIONS - Also known as
PIGGYBACK
Panels composed of a lightweight
core material to which two relatively thin, dense, high
strength faces or skins are adhered. Also refers to sandwich
of pressure sensitive materials - two liners and a facestock.
Facestock has adhesive, laminated to liner that also has
adhesive and is laminated to the base liner. The resulting
label is three part and can be used twice, and with NCR added
to the adhesive, becomes a self copying label after the first
image is impressed onto the face stock
Refer LM.
SATURATION (IMPREGNATION)
The addition of various materials
such as latex or rubber to a face material so as to improve
its various physical properties.
SCAN
The electronic search for a symbol
which is to be optically recognised. A search for marks to be
recognised by the recognition unit of an optical scanner.
SCORE
To make an impression or a partial
cut in a material for the purpose of bending, creasing,
folding or tearing.
SCORE CUT - See SCORE
SCORING - See SCORE
SCRAP - See WASTE
SCREEN PRINTING
A method of printing in which the
ink is forced (squeegeed) through a design on a taut screen
(fine mesh) onto the object to be printed. Usually in flat
format, but now screen printing units are available for rotary
type presses.
SCUFF - See RUB TEST
The action of rubbing against a
surface with applied pressure. Also the damage which has taken
place through rubbing
Refer NS, LM & IM.
SEALER - See BARRIER COAT
A coating designed to prevent the
passage of a substance through a substrate; barrier coat.
SECOND SURFACE PRINTING
Refers to printing on another
surface in addition to the primary surface.
SECONDARY LABEL
Sometimes smaller than a primary
label with information covering ingredients, nutrition,
instructions for use, cautions and warnings, prices,
promotional advertising, rebates, etc.
SELF-ADHESIVE LABEL - See PRESSURE
SENSITIVE LABEL
SELF-ADHESIVE PRODUCTS - See PRESSURE
SENSITIVE LABEL
SELF-CHECKING
A bar code or symbol using a
checking algorithm which can be applied to each character to
guard against undetected errors. Non self-checking codes may
employ a check digit or other redundancy in addition to the
data message.
SELF-EXTINGUISHING
A somewhat loosely used term
describing the ability of a material to cease burning once the
source of flame has been removed.
SELF-WOUND
A roll of material with a single
liner, which is coated on both sides with a release coating
and a carrier having a pressure sensitive adhesive on both
sides. Also a material that has pressure sensitive adhesive
applied to one side and then rolled up on itself (no
liner).
SELVEDGE
That part of the roll of pressure
sensitive along the web, that does not have adhesive
Refer LM.
SEMI-AUTOMATIC
A labelling machine in which only
part of the operation is controlled by the direct action of a
human. The automatic part of the operation is controlled by
the machine.
SEMI-GLOSS PAPER
Coated one sided lithography
(litho) paper.
SEPARATOR - See PATTERN COATED
SERIAL CODE
A bar code symbol typically used
with a fixed beam scanner where the scanning action is caused
by the motion of the symbol past the scanning head. The bits
of the symbol are evaluated one at a time as the symbol
passes.
SERVICE TEMPERATURE
The temperature range that a
pressure sensitive label will withstand after 24-72 hours
residence time on the labelled surface. The range is expressed
in degrees Fahrenheit and/or Celsius
Refer NS & LM.
SET
The point during the bonding
process when the adhesive has reached such structural
proportions so as to prevent the movement of the substrates
surface.
SET-OFF
Improperly dried or cured inks or
coatings that transfer to the back of the liner material
either in roll form or sheet form
Refer NS, LM & IM.
SETUPS - See MAKEREADY
SHARPEN
To decrease in colour strength, as
when half-tone dots are made smaller.
SHEAR - See COHESIVE STRENGTH
The relative movement of adjacent
layers in a liquid or plastic during flow.
SHEAR CUT
Term that describes a cut of a
continuous web of stock using an action similar to the action
of scissors.
SHEAR RATE
Time required for breakdown of the
shear strength.
SHEAR STRENGTH
The relative resistance of an
adhesive coated film or paper to a stress applied in such a
manner that the adhering surfaces slide in a plane parallel to
their plane of contact; the internal or cohesive strength of
the adhesive
Refer NS & LM.
SHEAR STRESS
Where normal stress is
perpendicular to the designed plane, shear stress is parallel
to the plane.
SHEAR TEST
A method of separating adhesive
bonded materials by forcing the interfaces to slide over each
other. The force exerted is distributed over the entire bonded
area at the same time. Strengths are recorded in kilos per
square centimetre, or in minutes or hours to failure
Refer NS & LM.
SHEET FED
Designates a printing press to
which paper is fed in sheets rather than in rolls.
SHEET FORM
Pressure sensitive labelstock
packaged in sheets, designed for use on a sheet fed press
Refer NS & LM.
SHEETING
A method of converting rolls of
labelstock into sheets (usually A4 size with die cut labels
positioned) on a roll label press.
SHELF LIFE
The period of time during which a
product can be stored under specified conditions and still
remain suitable for use. Normally 6-9 months. Also called
storage life
Refer NS & LM.
SHELL CUP
A device for measuring
viscosity.
SHELLAC
An alcohol soluble natural resin
widely used in flexography inks.
SHORE HARDNESS
A method of determining the
hardness of a material using a scelroscope.
SHRINK WRAPPING
A method of packaging where labels
are overwrapped with a heat sensitive polymer or cellophane
shrink film and then passed through a heat tunnel to shrink
the film tightly against the labels.
SHRINKAGE
Reduction in any dimension.
SIDE ROLL - See OFF-CUT
SILICONE
A polymer of organo-siloxane used
as an ink additive to aid ink flow out. Also used for pressure
sensitive adhesives capable of withstanding extreme
temperatures. A polymeric material with exceptionally high
repellency properties towards adhesives, and used extensively
in the coating of release liners
Refer NS & LM.
SILICONE ADHESIVE
Adhesive compounds of this base
have remarkable stability through a wide temperature range.
Chief limitations for present use are their high temperature
cure, and sensitivity to aliphatic and aromatic fuels;
pressure sensitive adhesive which permits bonding to difficult
surfaces; outstanding high temperature and low temperature
performance; highly resistant to oxidation, ozone and corona
radiation and has good dielectric properties
Refer LM.
SILICONE COATING
A unique polymer system which can
be a very effective release coating.
SILICONE STAIN TEST
A water based stain used to test
silicone coating coverage and continuity on the die cut paper
release liners.
SINGLE FACED
Where adhesive is applied to one
side of a carrier, as in self-wound laminating films and
tapes.
SIZE - See PRIMER
SIZE PRESS
Section of paper machine where
surface treatments, such as a starch solution, are applied to
the paper to give it special qualities.
SKELETON - See MATRIX
SKID
Wooden or plastic platform on
which most materials are now shipped. Not usually a full sized
pallet, but undersized in height from the ground.
SKIPPING
Missing print, tints or coatings
on a substrate due to dry-in of ink or coatings in the cells
of the anilox roller.
SKIPS
Areas wherein the adhesive or the
release coating are missing from the lamination.
SLIP ADDITIVE
Additive to inks or varnishes to
effect improved slip or lubricating qualities.
SLIP SHEET OR INTERLINER
Interleave layer of material
utilised to assist converting thin, unmanageable materials.
This layer is later removed.
SLIT
To cut rolls of labelstock to
specified widths. Either rotary (scissor action) or stationary
(razor or air) knives or blades are used with mechanical
unwinding and rewinding devices that are controlled to ensure
that correct tracking and tension of the roll from the master
reel to the converted widths takes place. Most Labelstock
converters purchase their stock - pre-slit by the Labelstock
Manufacturers.
SLIT BACK - See SPLIT BACK
SLIT FACE - See SPLIT FACE
SLITTER
A machine to cut roll labelstock
in the long direction and rewind onto useable core diameters.
Three types are used:
- Razor blade slitter
- Shear slitter
- Score slitter
SLOT
A cut made in a material of a
specific size and location. May have the face material removed
when used to feed through imprinters.
SLUG
Old term - a strip of linotype or
Ludlow (printers’ type letters in one piece - lead). New term
- small piece of flexographic printing plate used to print
variable information.
SMOOTHNESS TEST
The relative smoothness of paper
is determined in a precision instrument which, under closely
controlled circumstances, measures the length of time for a
specified volume of air to pass the surfaces of the samples
being tested. The result is expressed in seconds and fractions
thereof.
SMUDGE RESISTANCE
Resistance of a printed paper
surface to ink blurring or smearing and thus related to the
absorption of the paper
Refer NS, LM & IM.
SOFT DOT
A dot is referred to as ‘soft’
when the halo surrounding it is excessive and almost equals
the area of the dot itself.
SOLIDS CONTENT
The percentage weight of
non-volatile components in an ink, coating or adhesive.
SOLVENT
A chemical substance capable of
thinning or reducing the viscosity of ink, coating or
adhesive. Specifically, a solvent is a liquid that dissolves
another substance.
SOLVENT ADHESIVE
Adhesive components that are
dissolved in a variety of organic solvents for coating. Rubber
or acrylic based systems can be coated this way
Refer LM.
SOLVENT-FREE
The absence of any solvent in an
ink, coating or adhesive.
SOLVENT RESISTANCE
The resistance of a pressure
sensitive label to the action of specific organic liquids. May
apply to either adhesive, printing or the labelstock
Refer LM & IM.
SOLVENT RETENTION
The solvent that remains in the
adhesive or ink. If the adhesive is not thoroughly dried,
solvent retention could reduce the efficiency of the adhesive.
If all the solvent is not removed from the ink, the retentive
portions will tend to keep the ink soft
Refer LM & IM.
SOLVENTLESS SILICONE
A silicone release coating applied
without the use of any organic solvent or water. Also known as
100 percent solids silicone
Refer LM.
SPACE
The lighter element of a bar code
formed by the background between bars.
SPECIFIC ADHESION
The force required to remove a
pressure sensitive adhesive from a specific product under
specified conditions. Also the relative tendency of adhesives
to form bonds on specific surfaces. Some may be permanent on
one surface and removable from another
Refer NS & LM.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
The ratio of the weight of a
specimen to the weight of an equal volume of water.
SPLICE
A method of joining webs to
produce an operational continuous web
Refer NS & LM.
SPLIT BACK
Slits in the release liner to
facilitate its removal by hand.
SPLIT FACE
Slits in face of pressure
sensitive product usually for the purpose of facilitating
removal from the release coated backing (liner).
SPLIT LINER - See SPLIT BACK
SPOT LABEL
Label that does not extend
completely around can or bottle. Usually confined to less than
half the circumference.
SPOT VARNISH - See PATTERN VARNISH
SPREAD
The enlargement of a printed image
from a printing plate to the printed image. Also a
photographic spread of artwork to achieve required ink bleeds
or traps.
SPREADS AND CHOKES - See CHOKES and
SPREADS
SPUNBOUND OLEFIN
Describes a synthetic plastic
material formed by the random distribution of very fine
continuous fibres which are selfbonded by heat and
pressure.
SQUEEZE-OUT
The flow of excess adhesive or
coating when pressure is applied. Can be caused by very
tightly wound rolls of labelstock or converted labels
Refer NS & LM.
STABILISE
To increase the steadiness of a
film, keep it from changing or fluctuating. Usually vinyl
films are stabilised by laminating a polyester to one or both
sides of the vinyl.
STABILISED KRAFT
Term used to describe paper that
is treated to provide moisture resistance and dimensional
stability
Refer NS & LM.
STABILISER
An ingredient used in formulation
of some plastics, especially elastomers, to assist in
maintaining the physical and chemical properties of the
compounded materials at their initial values throughout the
processing and service life of the material.
STACK PRESS
Flexographic press where the
printing stations are placed one above the other, each with
its own impression roller.
STACKER
Device on the tale-off end of a
press that automatically stacks sheeted or single labels.
STAIN RESISTANCE
The ability of a label to be
applied to a surface without discolouring that surface. Also
the ability of a printed label to resist staining due to
exposure to the product being labelled.
STAINING
A discolouration of a surface
caused by adhesive residue.
STANDARD CONDITION
The condition reached by a
specimen when it has attained equilibrium under a specified
temperature and humidity; usually 73 F +/- 2 degrees and 50
+/- 3% RH.
START/STOP CHARACTER
A bar code character that provides
the scanner with start or stop reading instructions as well as
code orientation. The start character is normally at the left
hand side end of a ‘picket fence’ oriented code. The stop
character is normally at the right hand end.
STATIC
Electrical charges generated when
handling materials which cause those materials to cling
together. Static charges can jump (earth) to humans or
equipment causing shock or fire if solvent is present. With
reference to films, static causes them to cling to one another
or to other insulating surfaces.
STATIC ELECTRICITY
A build-up electrical charge on
the surface of a substrate or other surfaces, usually induced
by friction and usually under low atmospheric humidity
conditions.
STATIC ELIMINATOR
A device for neutralising static
electricity.
STATIC NEUTRALISER
On printing presses, it is an
attachment designed to remove static electricity from paper to
avoid ink set-off and trouble with the feeding of the paper.
On flexographic presses, static can cause problems when
sheeting takes place at the delivery end of the machine.
STEEL-TO-STEEL LABEL - See ANVIL CUT or
SHEETED LABELS
STEP AND REPEAT
The act of or equipment for the
positioning and exposing multiple complete images onto film in
preparation for plate making. ie. If a job is printed 16 up (2
across web x 8 down) and positioned to fit a die, then to
prepare one image 16 times in registered position is called to
‘step and repeat’.
STEPPED ANVIL - See UNDERCUT ANVIL
STICK
To stick. Designating adhesion or
stickiness (tack).
STICKYBACK
Double faced adhesive coated
material used for mounting printing plates to the cylinder, or
flat-bed cutting dies to the platen
Refer NS & LM.
STIFFNESS
The measure or degree of
resistance to bending stress of a material.
STOCK
Paper or other material to be
converted. Also called substrate.
STORAGE STABILITY
The ability of a material to be
stored under normal conditions of temperature and humidity
without change in its properties
Refer NS & LM.
STRETCH/SHRINK FACTORS
Calculations of dimensional change
which occur in rubber plate moulding and mounting and
photopolymer plate mounting when applied to the plate
cylinder.
STOCHASTIC (Screening) - Also known as
Crystal Raster and Diamond Screening.
Non conventional screening. No
moire pattern and the dot is measured in microns. There is no
set pattern or angle to the screen, and the plates are used to
increase detail and give a sharper image to a screen image.
Usually utilised with four (4) colour tone printing.
STRIATION
A fine streaky pattern of parallel
lines, usually in the cross direction of the web travel.
STRIKE-THROUGH
The penetration of the adhesive or
ink through the substrate.
STRINGINESS
A condition of the adhesive in
which it feels very soft and mushy, and on close examination
relatively ling ‘strings’ of adhesive can be pulled out of the
adhesive.
STRIP COATED - See PATTERN COATED
STRIPPED
When separate pieces of film are
taped together to create the complete printing image. Also
refers to die cut labels from which the matrix has been
removed.
STRIPPER PLATE - See PEELER PLATE
STRIPPING
The removal of the face material
(usually with the adhesive) outside and around the die cut
shape of the label, around a roller which assists the matrix
on its way to be re-wound.
STUB ROLL
A short roll of face material or
pressure sensitive label stock.
STYRENE - See POLYSTYRENE
A liquid unsaturated hydrocarbon
(C8H8).
SUBSTRATE
The surface to which a label is
applied, adherend. Converters also refer to the face stock
being printed as the substrate
Refer NS & LM.
SUBSURFACE PRINTING
Printing the underside of a
transparent film. Ultimately the ink will be sandwiched
between the film that was printed and the film or surface to
which it is applied.
SULFITE
Acid process of cooking pulp. Also
the pulp cooked by this process.
SUNLIGHT RESISTANCE
The ability of a material to
resist the deteriorating effects of sunlight especially those
wavelengths in the ultraviolet and the Infrared ends of the
spectrum
Refer IM.
SUNLIGHT RESISTANT ADHESIVE
An adhesive which contains an
inhibitor to resist destruction by ultraviolet rays
Refer LM.
SUPER CALENDER (Paper)
A calender stack used to alter the
surface properties and appearance of a paper. It is
constructed on the same general principle as a calender,
except that alternate chilled cast-iron and soft rollers are
used in the super calender. The soft rollers are constructed
of highly compressed cotton or paper. It is not part of the
paper machine, whereas the regular calender stack is.
SURFACE COATED (Paper)
A term applied to any paper which
has one or both sides coated with a pigment, clay or other
suitable material
Refer LM.
SURFACE PREPARATION
The physical and chemical methods
used to prepare a surface for further processing.
SURFACE RESISTIVITY
The electrical resistance of a
material between the two opposite points of a unit of its
surface.
SURFACE SIZED
Paper that has been treated with
starch or other sizing material at the size press of the paper
machine. This term is used interchangeably with the term
‘tub-sized’ although ‘tub-size’ more properly refers to
surface sizing applied as a separate operation where the paper
is immersed in a tub of sizing (starch or glue), after which
it passes between squeeze rollers and is air dried.
SURFACE TENSION
The property, due to molecular
forces, by which all liquids through contraction of the
surface, tend to bring the contained volume into a form having
the least area. If an ink is to be compatible with a
substrate, the surface tension of the ink must approximate
that of the substrate
Refer LM & IM.
SURFACE TREATING - See PRIMER, SIZING
and CORONA DISCHARGE
SURFACTANTS
A coined word used in industry to
include all surface active agents.
SYMBOL LENGTH
The length of a symbol measured
from the beginning of the quiet area adjacent to the start
character to the end of the quiet area adjacent to the stop
character.
SYNTHETIC RESIN
Resins prepared by chemical
means.
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
Elastomer manufactured by a
chemical process as distinguished from natural rubber obtained
from trees.
SYNTHETICS
Those materials developed and
manufactured through chemistry, which tend to replace natural
products.
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